Power generators are very useful devices that use mechanical force obtained from the consumption of gas, fuel, or ... to generate electricity and electricity, preventing power outages in daily activities or disruption of work devices. Generators are available in both physical and electrical forms for a variety of applications. Generators are widely used in industrial and factory applications today and are used as secondary electrical power.

How do generators work?

A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained from external sources into electrical energy (electricity) as an output. Generators don't actually create electrical energy. Instead, they use the mechanical energy supplied and generate electrical charge in the coils in the electrical circuit, generating electricity as the output of the system. This current is the electric charge of the electric current supplied by the generator.The generator's operating system can be understood by seeing the water pump work, which causes water to flow but does not really create water and only water flows.

The way modern generators work today is based on the induction of electromagnetism discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. Faraday discovered that a high current of electric charge could be induced by the movement of an electrically conductor, such as a wire, which contains an electric charge in a magnetic field. This movement creates a voltage difference between the two ends of the wire or electrical conductor, which in turn causes the electric charge to flow and generate an electric current.

What are the components of a generator?

1- Engine 2- Alternator 3- Fuel system 4- Voltage regulator 5- Cooling and exhaust system 6- Lubrication system 7- Battery charging 8- Control panel 9- Main assembly (frame)

Structure of Generators

1. Motor: The motor is the source of mechanical energy input to the generator motor. The size of the motor is designed directly to fit the maximum power output. There are a few things to consider when buying generators:

Engine generators run on a variety of fuels, such as diesel, diesel, propane (in liquefied or gas form), or natural gas. Smaller engines typically run on diesel while larger engines run on diesel, liquid propane, propane gas, or natural gas.
Engines with overhead valve (OHV) vs. non-OHV engines- OHV engines differ from other engines in the engine inlet and outlet valve that is located in the cylinder head of the engine as opposed to the engine block that is mounted.

Iron mold in engine cylinder (CIS)- CIS is the liner in the cylinder engine. It reduces wear and tear and ensures the durability of the motor. Most OHV engines are equipped with CIS but it is necessary to check for this feature in the generator motor. CIS is not an expensive feature, but it does play an important role in the durability of the engine, especially if you need to use the generator frequently for long periods of time.

Alternator: The alternator, which is part of the generator, produces the electrical output from the mechanical input supplied by the motor. It consists of assembling fixed and movable parts coated in place. These components work together and cause relative movement between the magnetic and electric fields, which also creates electricity to some extent.

Fuel system: The fuel tank usually has enough capacity to maintain an average of 6 to 8 hours of operation. In the case of small generator engine units, the fuel tank is part of the generator base or mounted on the generator framework. For commercial applications, it may need to be directly mounted on an external fuel tank.

Voltage regulator: This name implies that this part regulates the output voltage of the generator motor. This mechanism is listed below against any component that regulates a part in the periodic voltage regulation process.

Cooling and exhaust systems: Continuous use of the generator causes its various components to heat up. It is necessary to have a strong cooling system to cope with the heat generated in this process and cause the system to cool.

Fresh or raw water is sometimes used as a coolant for generators, but this method is mostly used for small generators for urban applications or very large units up to 2,250 kW and above. Hydrogen is sometimes used as a coolant for the stator winding of large generator units, as it is much more efficient at absorbing heat than any other coolant.

Lubrication system: Generators have many drive parts inside the engine that need to be lubricated at certain intervals. The generator motor is powered by the oil stored in the pump. The oil level should be checked every 8 hours of generator operation.

Battery charger: It is the start of the generator's operation with the battery. The battery charger of the charged generator is accurate by supplying it with a floating voltage. If the floating voltage is too low, the battery will be kept under charge. If the floating voltage is too high, it will shorten the life of the battery. The battery charger is usually made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion.

Control Panel: This is the user interface with the generator and includes features for the electrical outlet. Different factories have included different parts in the control panel.

Main Assembly (Frame): The diesel generator is portable or fixed, in general, all the above equipment is placed on the platform or the same chassis.